BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP 13 THÌ PHẦN 2

1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS 
2. a) Theory 

 

Common Signs of Present Continuous: 

1. Currently: She is currently working on her project. 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

2. At the moment: I am reading a book at the moment. 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

3. Now: They are watching TV now. 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

4. Right now: He is speaking to the manager right now. 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

5. Tonight: I am cooking dinner tonight. 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

6. Verb !, look! Listen! Watch out!: Look! It is raining. 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

7. Specific time: at + time. At 3 am. He is working at 3 am 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

8. A period of time: from 3 am to 4 am: at 3 am to 4 am, she is working  

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

 

1. b) Exercise 1

 

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the present continuous tense. 

1. She ______ (work) on her project right now. 
2. I ______ (read) a book at the moment. 
3. They ______ (watch) TV now. 
4. He ______ (speak) to the manager right now. 
5. I ______ (cook) dinner tonight. 
6. People ______ (use) smartphones more and more nowadays. 
7. He ______ (work) from home these days. 
8. Look! It ______ (rain). 

 

Exercise 2: Correct the Mistakes 

Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences. 

 

1. She is play tennis now. 
2. They are watch a movie at the moment. 
3. I am cooking dinner yesterday. 
4. He are speaking with his friend. 
5. We is having lunch right now. 
6. They is studying for their test tonight. 
7. I am write a letter to my friend. 
8. She are driving to work now. 
9. We am going to the store these days. 
10. Listen! The baby crying. 

 

Exercise 3: Rewrite the Sentences 

Rewrite the following sentences using the present continuous tense. 

 

1. She usually works at the office. (today) 
2. I read a book every night. (now) 
3. They watch TV in the evenings. (at the moment) 
4. He speaks to the manager every week. (right now) 
5. We have meetings on Mondays. (today) 
6. She studies for exams on weekends. (this week) 
7. I cook dinner every day. (tonight) 
8. People use smartphones frequently. (nowadays) 
9. He works from the office. (these days) 
10. It rains often in spring. (Look!) 

 

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences 

Create sentences using the present continuous tense with the following prompts. 

 

1. You / do / homework 
2. They / play / soccer 
3. She / talk / on the phone 
4. We / watch / a movie 
5. He / write / an email 
6. The kids / play / in the park 
7. The dog / bark / loudly 
8. I / listen / to music 
9. The sun / shine / brightly 
10. The teacher / explain / the lesson

 

1. Past continuous 

 

1. a) Theory

 

1. Keywords: Words like “while,” “as,” or “when” often precede the past continuous tense. 

I was reading when she called. 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

2. Action in Progress: It indicates an action that was ongoing at a specific point in the past. 

She was cooking dinner at 7 PM yesterday. 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

3. Interrupted Actions: It describes an action that was interrupted by another action or event. 

I was studying when the power went out. 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

4. Parallel Actions: Used to show two actions that were happening at the same time in the past. While she was cleaning, he was watching TV. 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

5. Atmosphere or Background: It can set the scene or describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past. It was raining heavily when they arrived. 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

 

1. B) exercises 

 

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses (past continuous): 

 

1. She __________ (read) a book when the phone suddenly __________ (ring). 
2. They __________ (dance) at the party when the music abruptly __________ (stop). 
3. While I __________ (clean) the house, my friends __________ (arrive) unexpectedly. 
4. He __________ (drive) to work when he __________ (see) a car accident on the highway. 
5. We __________ (walk) in the park when it __________ (start) raining heavily. 
6. She __________ (cook) dinner while her husband __________ (watch) TV in the living 

room. 

7. They __________ (wait) for the bus when it __________ (break) down. 
8. I __________ (study) for my exam when my computer __________ (crash). 
9. The children __________ (play) outside when their parents __________ (call) them for 

dinner. 

10. While she __________ (talk) on the phone, her cat __________ (knock) over a vase. 

 

Exercise 2: Correct the sentences by filling in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses (past continuous): 

 

1. She (cook) dinner when the phone suddenly (ring). 
2. They (play) basketball when it (start) to rain. 
3. While they (watch) TV, he (read) a book. 
4. He (drive) to work when he (see) his friend walking along the road. 
5. We (have) a picnic in the park when it (begin) to get dark. 
6. She (clean) the house while her children (play) outside. 
7. They (wait) for the bus when it (arrive). 
8. I (study) for my exam when suddenly my phone (ring). 
9. The dog (bark) loudly while the cat (sleep) peacefully on the couch. 
10. While she (work) on her computer, her kids (do) their homework. 

 

Exercise 3: Identify the wrong parts in each sentence involving past continuous tense: 

 

1. While they were playing football, it started to rain heavily. 
2. She was cooking dinner while her husband were watching TV. 
3. He was driving to work when he see a car accident. 
4. They were studying for their exams when the power went out suddenly. 
5. While she was talking on the phone, her cat knocked over a vase. 
6. We were having a barbecue in the backyard when the neighbors started to play loud music. 
7. I was reading a book when she called. 
8. The children were playing outside when their parents called them for dinner. 
9. While he was playing the piano, his sister sing a song. 
10. They were waiting for the bus when it broke down. 

 

III. Present simple and simple past

 

1. a) present simple: Uses of the Present Simple

 

1. Habits and Routines: Describes actions that happen regularly: 

• I go to the gym every morning. 
• She reads the newspaper every day. 

2. General Truths and Facts: States facts or truths that are always true: 

• Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. 
• The earth revolves around the sun. 

3. Fixed Arrangements and Timetables: Refers to scheduled events in the near future: 

• The train leaves at 8 PM. 
• The meeting starts at 10 AM. 

4. States and Feelings: Describes states of being or feelings: 

• He loves chocolate. 
• They own a big house. 

 

1. Adverbs and Time Expressions Used with the Present Simple 

 

1. Adverbs of Frequency: Words like always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never indicate how often 

something happens: 

• She always arrives early. 
• We go to the beach every summer. 
• They never eat fast food. 

2. Time Expressions: Phrases like every day, every week, on Mondays, in the summer indicate regular 

intervals or specific times: 

• He plays tennis on Sundays. 

3. Special Rules for Spelling in the Third Person Singular 
4. For most verbs, add -s: 

• He works at a bank. 

2. For verbs ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, or -o, add -es: 

• She watches TV. 
• He goes to school. 

3. For verbs ending in a consonant + y, change y to i and add -es: 

• She studies hard. 
• He tries his best. 

 

1. summary  

Affirmative: She walks to work every day. 

1. Negative: They do not (don’t) like spinach. 

Interrogative: Do you speak English? 

1. General truth: The sun sets in the west. 

Habitual action: I drink coffee every morning. 

 

1. D) past simple 

 

1. Specific Time References: Often, the past simple is used with specific time references, such as 

yesterday, last week, in 2005, etc. 

• Example: She finished her work yesterday. 

2. Completed Actions: It is used to describe actions or events that occurred at a definite point in the past 

and are completed. 

• Example: They traveled to Paris last summer. 

3. Single or Series of Completed Actions: It can describe a single action or a series of actions that 

happened in the past. 

• Example: He cooked dinner and then watched a movie. 

4. Regular Actions in the Past: It can describe actions that were regularly performed in the past. 

• Example: She always walked to school when she was young. 

5. Narrative Past: In storytelling or recounting events, the past simple is commonly used to describe 

what happened. 

• Example: The sun set, and darkness fell over the city. 

6. Historical Events: It is used to describe historical events or past facts. 

• Example: The Second World War ended in 1945. 

 

1. exercises  

 

1. a) present simple  

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. 

1. She ___ (play) tennis every Saturday. 
2. They ___ (go) to the gym twice a week. 
3. He ___ (not like) vegetables. 
4. We ___ (study) English at school. 
5. The sun ___ (rise) in the east. 
6. Cats ___ (drink) milk. 
7. My father ___ (work) in a bank. 
8. You ___ (not need) to hurry. 
9. Birds ___ (fly) south for the winter. 
10. She ___ (always / forget) her keys. 

 

Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences in the negative form. 

1. He speaks French. 
2. They play football on Sundays. 
3. She likes chocolate. 
4. We watch TV every evening. 
5. The train leaves at 9 AM. 

 

Exercise 3: Make questions for the following sentences. 

1. He reads the newspaper every morning. 
2. Does he read the newspaper every morning? 
3. They go to the park on weekends. 
4. She finishes work at 5 PM. 
5. You like ice cream. 
6. The movie starts at 8 PM. 

 

Exercise 4: Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. 

1. She don’t like apples. 
2. They goes to the same school. 
3. My brother play the guitar. 
4. We watches TV every night. 
5. It rain a lot in April. 

 

Exercise 5: Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentences. 

1. She ___ (walk / walks) to school every day. 
2. They ___ (like / likes) pizza. 
3. He ___ (don’t / doesn’t) understand the question. 
4. We ___ (study / studies) together on weekends. 
5. The dog ___ (bark / barks) loudly at night. 

 

1. b) past simple  

 

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks 

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets (past simple tense). 

1. She __________ (study) French last year. 
2. They __________ (go) to the beach yesterday. 
3. He __________ (finish) his homework before dinner. 
4. We __________ (visit) London two months ago. 
5. The concert __________ (start) at 7 PM last night. 

 

Exercise 2: Correct the Mistakes 

Correct the mistakes in these sentences by changing the verbs to the past simple tense. 

1. I buyed a new car last week. 
2. They was at the party until midnight. 
3. She writed a letter to her friend yesterday. 
4. We goed to the park on Sunday. 
5. He eated dinner at 6 PM. 

 

Exercise 3: Write Sentences 

Write sentences using the past simple tense based on the prompts provided. 

1. Last summer / I / learn / how to swim. 
2. They / visit / their grandparents / last weekend. 
3. She / not / study / for the test. 
4. We / go / to the cinema / on Friday night. 
5. He / cook / a delicious meal / for his friends.

 

 

1. Future simple and near future

A1) future simple  

Clues to identify future Simple: 

1. Predictions: Use future simple when predicting something that will happen in the future 

based on personal opinion or belief. 

• Example: I think it will rain tomorrow. 

2. Promises: Use future simple when making promises or offers. 

• Example: I will help you with your homework. 

3. Spontaneous decisions: Use future simple for decisions made at the moment of speaking. 

• Example: I’m hungry. I think I’ll order pizza. 

4. Instantaneous reactions: Use future simple to express an immediate decision or reaction to 

something. 

• Example: The phone is ringing. I’ll answer it. 

5. Expressions of certainty or uncertainty: Use future simple to express certainty or 

uncertainty about a future event. 

• Example: He will probably arrive late. 

 

Identifying Clues: 

 

1. Use of “will” or “won’t”: Look for the auxiliary verb “will” or its negative form “won’t” 

preceding the base form of the verb. 

2. Context: Consider the context in which the statement is made. Is it a prediction, promise, 

spontaneous decision, or expression of certainty? 

3. Timing: Determine whether the action is planned or decided at the moment of speaking 

(future simple) or has been planned or decided before (going to). 

 

Summary:  

1. Prediction: She will win the race. 
2. Promise: I will call you tomorrow. 
3. Spontaneous Decision: It’s cold. I think I’ll wear a sweater. 
4. Instantaneous Reaction: The doorbell rang. I’ll answer it. 
5. Expressions of Certainty or Uncertainty: He will probably arrive late. 

 

A2) near future  

 

Clues to identify going to future (Near Future): 

1. Intentions or plans: Use going to for intentions or plans that have already been made before 

the moment of speaking. 

• Example: I am going to visit my friend tomorrow. 

2. Predictions based on evidence: Use going to when there is evidence or an indication that 

something will happen. 

• Example: Look at those dark clouds. It’s going to rain soon. 

 

3. Future events with preparation: Use going to when discussing future events where 

preparations or arrangements have already been made. 

• Example: She’s going to start her new job next week. 

4. Casual future statements: Use going to in informal speech for future actions that are 

planned or expected. 

• Example: They’re going to have a party next weekend. 

 

Identifying clues: 

• Use of am/is/are + going to 
• Context: Consider whether the statement refers to a planned action or event in the near 

future. 

• Preparation or evidence: Note if there is any indication or preparation mentioned that 

supports the future event. 

 

Summary 

1. Intentions or Plans: I am going to study for the exam tonight. 
2. Predictions Based on Evidence: Look at those dark clouds. It’s going to rain soon. 
3. Future Events with Preparation: She’s going to start her new job next week. 
4. Casual Future Statements: They’re going to have a party next weekend. 

 

1. exercises  

 

Exercise 1: future simple vs. going to 

1. tom __________ (buy) a new phone next week. 
2. they __________ (not come) to the party tonight. 
3. look at those clouds! it __________ (rain) soon. 
4. she __________ (visit) her friend in london next month. 
5. we __________ (probably / not pass) the exam if we don’t study more. 
6. i think i __________ (take) a vacation next month. 
7. he __________ (not forget) your birthday again this year. 
8. my parents __________ (retire) in five years. 
9. the government __________ (announce) new policies next week. 
10. we __________ (not go) to the beach if the weather is bad. 

 

Exercise 2: sentence completion 

1. i believe she __________ (become) a famous singer one day. 
2. they __________ (probably / not finish) the project on time. 
3. we __________ (not attend) the conference next week. 
4. look at the time! i __________ (miss) the bus if i don’t hurry up. 
5. my sister __________ (move) to a new city next month. 
6. he __________ (not pass) the exam if he doesn’t study harder. 
7. they __________ (definitely / not win) the competition this year. 
8. i’m sure he __________ (travel) to europe next summer. 
9. the company __________ (launch) a new product next year. 
10. it __________ (snow) in the mountains tomorrow. 

 

Exercise 3: making predictions 

1. i’m certain she __________ (become) a successful entrepreneur. 
2. look at the clouds. it __________ (rain) soon. 
3. i believe they __________ (not win) the championship this year. 
4. he __________ (probably / not arrive) on time for the meeting. 
5. we __________ (have) a great time at the party tonight. 
6. the economy __________ (improve) next year. 
7. they __________ (not buy) a new car until next summer. 
8. she __________ (travel) to asia next month. 
9. the team __________ (win) the match if they play well. 
10. i __________ (not forget) your birthday next week. 

 

Exercise 4: decision making 

1. i’m hungry. i __________ (get) something to eat. 
2. look at the time! i __________ (miss) the train if i don’t leave now. 
3. she just called. she __________ (come) to visit us next weekend. 
4. they __________ (not attend) the conference after all. 
5. it’s hot today. i __________ (swim) in the pool later. 
6. we __________ (probably / not go) to the concert tonight. 
7. he __________ (not buy) the car if it’s too expensive. 
8. i __________ (meet) her for coffee tomorrow afternoon. 
9. they __________ (definitely / not move) to a new house this year. 
10. i think we __________ (have) pizza for dinner tonight.
11. 
    Present perfect and present prefect continuous. 

A1) present perfect  

 

Structure: 

[have/has + past participle] 

• Example: She has finished the project. 

 

Clues for identification: 

1. Unspecified time: When the exact time of the action is not specified or not important. 

• I have visited Paris several times. (When? Not specified) 

2. Recent actions: When talking about actions that have just been completed or have relevance to the 

present. 

• He has just eaten lunch. (Recently completed) 

3. Experiences: To talk about life experiences up to the present moment. 

• They have traveled to many countries. (Up to now) 

4. Results or effects: When focusing on the result or effect of a past action rather than the action itself. 

• She has lost her keys. (Result – she doesn’t have them now) 

5. With words like “Ever,” “Never,” “Before,” “Already,” “Yet”: These adverbs often accompany 

present perfect tense to express experience or completion. 

• Have you ever been to Japan? (Experience) 
• I haven’t finished my homework yet. (Not completed up to now) 

6. Duration from the past until now: To describe actions or states that started in the past and continue 

up to the present. 

• She has lived here since 2010. (Started in the past, still living here) 

 

Summary: 

1. Identification: He has written many books. (Unspecified time) 
2. Recent Action: I have just seen the movie. (Just completed) 
3. Experience: They have never eaten sushi before. (Up to now) 
4. Result: She has forgotten her password. (Result – can’t remember now) 
5. With Adverbs: Have you ever visited New York? (Experience) 
6. Duration: They have known each other since childhood. (Started in the past, still know each other) 

 

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Form of the Present Perfect Tense (Have/Has + Past Participle): 

 

1. She __________ (finish) her work already. 
2. They __________ (never be) to Asia before. 
3. We __________ (live) in this city for five years. 
4. He __________ (just arrive) at the airport. 
5. Have you __________ (see) that movie yet? 
6. Maria __________ (not eat) sushi before. 
7. How many books __________ she __________ (read) this month? 
8. __________ you __________ (ever visit) Paris? 

 

A2) present perfect continuous  

Structure: 

[have/has + been + present participle] 

• example: she has been working on the project. 

 

clues for identification: 

1. continuous action: when emphasizing the duration or ongoing nature of an action that started in the 

past and continues up to the present. 

• she has been studying all morning. (emphasizes the continuous action up to now) 

2. recent activity: to talk about activities that have just stopped or are still ongoing but started recently. 

• he has been painting the house all week. (ongoing activity, started recently) 

3. temporary situations: to describe temporary actions or situations that have been happening recently. 

• they have been living in london for the past few months. (temporary residence up to now) 

4. emphasis on duration: when focusing on how long an activity has been happening rather than its 

completion. 

• i have been working here since january. (duration of employment up to now) 

5. result of recent activity: when the result of a recent activity or ongoing process is important. 

• she has been practicing the piano a lot, so her skills have improved. (result of ongoing 

practice up to now) 

 

examples: 

1. continuous action: she has been learning spanish for two years. (emphasizes ongoing learning) 
2. recent activity: he has been playing basketball since morning. (ongoing activity, started recently) 
3. temporary situation: they have been staying with us while their house is being renovated. (temporary 

stay up to now) 

4. emphasis on duration: i have been waiting for you for an hour. (emphasizes duration of waiting) 
5. result of activity: she has been working hard on her thesis, so she’s exhausted. (result of ongoing work up to now) 

 

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the present perfect continuous tense (have/has been + present participle). 

 

1. She __________ (study) all day. 
2. They __________ (wait) for over an hour. 
3. I __________ (work) on this project since morning. 
4. He __________ (play) the guitar for the past two hours. 
5. We __________ (talk) on the phone for a long time. 
6. The children __________ (play) outside since lunchtime. 
7. Mary __________ (cook) dinner since 5 o’clock. 
8. How long __________ you __________ (learn) Spanish? 
9. The team __________ (train) hard for the upcoming tournament. 
10. She __________ (clean) the house all morning. 

 

Differences between present perfect and present perfect continuous: 

• Aspect: Present perfect emphasizes the result or completion of an action, while present perfect 

continuous emphasizes the ongoing nature or duration of an action. 

• Usage: Present perfect is used for completed actions, experiences, and actions with results in the 

present. Present perfect continuous is used for ongoing or temporary actions, actions with duration, and 

situations that started in the past and continue to the present. 

 

• Form: present perfect continuous requires “have/has been” + present participle, indicating continuous 

action, whereas present perfect uses “have/has” + past participle, focusing on completion. 

 

1. Exercises  

 

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets (present perfect tense). 

 

1. Sarah __________ (study) French for five years. 
2. They __________ (not finish) their homework yet. 
3. I __________ (read) three books this month. 
4. He __________ (travel) to many countries in Europe. 
5. Have you ever __________ (try) sushi? 

Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences in the present perfect tense. 

1. I started learning Spanish two years ago. (learn) 
2. She has lost her keys. (lose) 
3. They are tired because they have been working all day. (work) 
4. We visited Paris last summer. (visit) 
5. He bought a new car last month. (buy) 

Present Perfect Continuous Tense 

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets (present perfect continuous tense). 

 

1. She __________ (write) emails since this morning. 
2. They __________ (wait) for the bus for over an hour. 
3. How long __________ you __________ (learn) English? 
4. I __________ (not sleep) well lately. 
5. The children __________ (play) outside since lunchtime. 

 

Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences in the present perfect continuous tense. 

1. She has been cooking dinner for two hours. (cook) 
2. They have been watching TV all evening. (watch) 
3. He has been studying for the exam since morning. (study) 
4. We have been waiting here for half an hour. (wait) 
5. The dog has been barking all night. (bark) 

 

1. past perfect and past perfect continuous
2. A) PAST PERGECT TENSE 
3. Definition and Structure 

The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a 

specific point in the past. It is formed using the past simple of the auxiliary verb “have” (had) + the 

past participle of the main verb. 

Structure: 

1. Affirmative: Subject + had + past participle 

Example: She had left before he arrived. 

2. Negative: Subject + had + not + past participle 

Example: They hadn’t finished the project by the deadline. 

3. Interrogative: Had + subject + past participle? 

Example: Had you studied before the exam? 

 

2. Uses of the Past Perfect 
3. A completed action before another past action: It indicates that an action was finished 

before another took place. 

Example: By the time the movie started, we had already eaten dinner. 

2. A series of actions completed in the past: It describes a sequence of past actions where one 

event occurred before another. 

Example: She had already packed her bags before she called a taxi. 

3. Expressing cause and effect: It shows the reason for an action that occurred later in the past. 

Example: He was tired because he had worked late the night before. 

 

3. Common Time Expressions with Past Perfect 
4. Before: Used to show that one action occurred before another. 

Example: I had finished my homework before I went out. 

2. After: Used to show that one action occurred after another. 

Example: After they had eaten, they went for a walk. 

3. By the time: Used to indicate the time by which an action was completed. 

Example: By the time we arrived, the concert had already started. 

4. Already, just, yet: Used to emphasize the timing of the past perfect action. 

Example: She had already left when I arrived. / He had just finished when the phone 

rang. / Had they finished yet? 

 

4. Identifying Past Perfect Tense 
5. Contextual clues: Look for sentences that describe actions happening before another past 

event. 

2. Time expressions: Words like “before,” “after,” “by the time,” “already,” “just,” and “yet” 

often accompany the past perfect. 

3. Order of events: The past perfect tense is often used to emphasize the first of two past 

actions. 

 

5. Usage Tips 
6. The sequence of events: Use past perfect for the earlier action and simple past for the later 

action. 

Example: When I arrived at the station, the train had already left. 

2. Not always necessary: In narrative contexts, the past perfect is used at the start of a story to 

set the scene, but then switches to the simple past. 

Example: She had studied law before she became a teacher. Then, she worked as a 

lawyer for several years. 

Reported speech: When reporting what someone said in the past, the past perfect is used to 

describe actions that happened earlier. 

Example: He said that he had seen the movie before. 

 

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses using the past perfect tense. 

 

1. By the time the movie started, they _____ (leave) the theater. 
2. She _____ (finish) her homework before she went out to play. 
3. They _____ (never visit) that museum until last summer. 
4. After the meeting ended, everyone _____ (already go) home. 
5. The train _____ (depart) before we arrived at the station. 
6. He _____ (not complete) the project before the deadline. 
7. We _____ (live) in that city for ten years before moving to the countryside. 
8. The teacher _____ (explain) the lesson before the students arrived. 
9. They _____ (build) the new school before the winter started. 
10. I _____ (meet) him once before we worked on the same project. 

 

Exercise 2: Correct the Mistakes 

Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences. 

1. She had went to the store before it started raining. 
2. By the time we arrived, the concert has already ended. 
3. He had not seen her since she left school. 
4. After they had finish eating, they went for a walk. 
5. They didn’t know that she had already left until they got to her house. 
6. The train had left before we got to the station. 
7. By the time I had called, they already went out. 
8. He didn’t understand the lesson because he not listened carefully. 
9. After she had seen the movie, she was eager to discuss it. 
10. We had been friends for years before we finally met in person. 

 

1. B) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS 

The past perfect continuous tense, also known as the past perfect progressive, is used to describe an 

action that was ongoing in the past before another past action occurred. It emphasizes the duration or continuity of the action. 

Form: 

The past perfect continuous tense is formed using: 

• Subject + had been + verb (present participle form) 

Usage: 

 

 

1. Duration of an action before another past event: It shows that an action was ongoing 

before a certain point or event in the past. 

Example: She had been studying for three hours when the power went out. 

2. Cause of a past situation: It explains why something happened in the past by indicating an 

ongoing action leading up to it. 

Example: He was tired because he had been working all day. 

 

Examples: 

1. They had been traveling for several months before they returned home. 
2. I had been waiting for him for over an hour when he finally arrived. 
3. She had been teaching at the school for five years before she moved to another city. 

Key Points: 

1. The past perfect continuous emphasizes the process or duration of an action rather than its 

completion. 

2. It often includes time expressions like “for,” “since,” “before,” and “by the time.” 

 

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks 

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses using the past perfect continuous tense. 

 

1. By the time she arrived at the party, they _____ (wait) for her for an hour. 
2. They _____ (work) on the project for several months before they finally completed it. 
3. He _____ (study) hard for his exams before he took a break. 
4. The kids _____ (play) outside all day when it suddenly started to rain. 
5. We _____ (look) for a new house for months before we found the perfect one. 
6. She _____ (prepare) dinner when her guests arrived unexpectedly. 
7. I _____ (read) that book for weeks before I finished it. 
8. They _____ (travel) for hours before they reached their destination. 
9. He _____ (train) for the marathon for a year before he finally participated. 
10. By the time the meeting started, we _____ (discuss) the issues for over an hour. 

 

Exercise 2: Correct the Mistakes Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences. 

 

1. She had been cooked dinner when he arrived. 
2. They had been discussing the proposal when the boss called. 
3. By the time I arrived, they had been already left. 
4. He had been driving for two hours before he stopped for a break. 
5. They hadn’t been working together since the project started. 
6. She had been learning French for three years before she moved to Paris. 
7. He had been finishing the report before the meeting began. 
8. They had been living in the city for ten years when they decided to move. 
9. We had been waiting for the bus before it finally arrived. 
10. By the time the movie started, we had been waiting for tickets.

VII. FUTURE CONTINUOUS + FUTURE PERFECT + FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS 

 

1. Future Continuous (will be + verb-ing) 

 

This tense is used to describe actions that will be in progress at a specific point in the future. It often emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action. 

 

Examples: 

• At 8 PM tonight, I will be studying for my exams. 
• Next week, they will be traveling across Europe. 
• When you call me, I will be cooking dinner. 

 

2. Future Perfect (will have + past participle) 

This tense is used to describe actions that will be completed before a specific point in the future. It highlights the completion of an action by a certain future time. 

Examples: 

• By the end of this year, I will have saved enough money for a vacation. 
• She will have finished her novel by the time we next meet. 
• By next month, they will have moved into their new house. 

3. Future Perfect Continuous (will have been + verb-ing) 

This tense describes an action that will have been ongoing up to a certain point in the future. It emphasizes the duration of the action up until that future time. 

 

Examples: 

• By 5 PM, I will have been working here for ten hours. 
• By the time you get here, we will have been waiting for you for half an hour. 
• In two years, she will have been teaching at this school for a decade.

 

 

FUTURE CONTINUOUS + FUTURE PERFECT + FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS 

 

Exercise 1: Forming the Future Continuous 

Complete each sentence using the correct form of the verb in parentheses. 

1. This time next month, we ________ (travel) around Europe. 
2. By 2025, scientists ________ (develop) new technologies. 
3. They ________ (watch) the match at 5 PM tomorrow. 
4. She ________ (teach) a new course next semester. 
5. We ________ (not attend) the conference next week. 
6. I ________ (meet) my friend at the cafe at 3 PM. 
7. They ________ (not play) basketball during the winter. 
8. At this time tomorrow, he ________ (drive) to the airport. 
9. By next year, she ________ (learn) a new language. 
10. This evening, we ________ (have) dinner with our neighbors. 
11. He ________ (work) on the report all night. 
12. They ________ (decorate) the house for the party tomorrow. 
13. She ________ (write) her thesis this weekend. 
14. We ________ (visit) the museum this afternoon. 
15. I ________ (not cook) breakfast tomorrow morning. 
16. They ________ (arrange) the meeting for next Friday. 
17. By this time next week, she ________ (move) to a new city. 
18. We ________ (not use) the car for the next few days. 
19. He ________ (read) the book by the time you arrive. 
20. They ________ (not study) for the test at midnight. 
21. She ________ (prepare) for the presentation at 10 AM. 
22. We ________ (not play) any games during the meeting. 
23. He ________ (shop) for groceries after work. 
24. They ________ (not travel) abroad this summer. 
25. She ________ (practice) the piano in the evening. 
26. We ________ (not go) to the gym tomorrow morning. 
27. He ________ (watch) the news at 6 PM. 
28. They ________ (not participate) in the competition next week. 
29. She ________ (design) a new website for her client. 
30. We ________ (explore) the city all day. 

 

Exercise 2: Negative Form of Future Continuous 

Rewrite each sentence in the negative form. 

1. He will be writing his book at that time. 
2. They will be hiking in the mountains next weekend. 
3. She will be attending a seminar at 2 PM. 
4. We will be preparing the presentation tomorrow. 
5. You will be practicing yoga in the morning. 
6. He will be cooking dinner when we arrive. 
7. They will be studying for the exam on Saturday. 
8. She will be cleaning the house all day. 
9. We will be celebrating our anniversary next week. 
10. You will be flying to Japan at 10 AM. 
11. He will be taking a nap in the afternoon. 
12. They will be watching a documentary tonight. 
13. She will be organizing her files tomorrow. 
14. We will be having a meeting at 9 AM. 
15. You will be visiting your grandparents on Sunday. 
16. He will be fixing the car in the evening. 
17. They will be walking their dog in the park. 
18. She will be painting her room this weekend. 
19. We will be attending a concert tomorrow night. 
20. You will be checking your email later. 
21. He will be exercising at the gym at 7 AM. 
22. They will be planting trees in the garden. 
23. She will be doing her homework after dinner. 
24. We will be exploring the city center. 
25. You will be hosting a party on Saturday. 
26. He will be teaching a new class next semester. 
27. They will be visiting the museum on Friday. 
28. She will be practicing her speech before the event. 
29. We will be renovating our house next month. 
30. You will be riding your bike to work. 

 

Exercise 3: Forming the Future Continuous 

Complete each sentence using the correct form of the verb in parentheses. 

 

1. This time next month, we ________ (travel) around Europe. 
2. By 2025, scientists ________ (develop) new technologies. 
3. They ________ (watch) the match at 5 PM tomorrow. 
4. She ________ (teach) a new course next semester. 
5. We ________ (not attend) the conference next week. 
6. I ________ (meet) my friend at the cafe at 3 PM. 
7. They ________ (not play) basketball during the winter. 
8. At this time tomorrow, he ________ (drive) to the airport. 
9. By next year, she ________ (learn) a new language. 
10. This evening, we ________ (have) dinner with our neighbors. 
11. He ________ (work) on the report all night. 
12. They ________ (decorate) the house for the party tomorrow. 
13. She ________ (write) her thesis this weekend. 
14. We ________ (visit) the museum this afternoon. 
15. I ________ (not cook) breakfast tomorrow morning. 
16. They ________ (arrange) the meeting for next Friday. 
17. By this time next week, she ________ (move) to a new city. 
18. We ________ (not use) the car for the next few days. 
19. He ________ (read) the book by the time you arrive. 
20. They ________ (not study) for the test at midnight. 
21. She ________ (prepare) for the presentation at 10 AM. 
22. We ________ (not play) any games during the meeting. 
23. He ________ (shop) for groceries after work. 
24. They ________ (not travel) abroad this summer. 
25. She ________ (practice) the piano in the evening. 
26. We ________ (not go) to the gym tomorrow morning. 
27. He ________ (watch) the news at 6 PM. 
28. They ________ (not participate) in the competition next week. 
29. She ________ (design) a new website for her client. 
30. We ________ (explore) the city all day. 

 

Exercise 4: Negative Form of Future Continuous 

Rewrite each sentence in the negative form. 

1. He will be writing his book at that time. 
2. They will be hiking in the mountains next weekend. 
3. She will be attending a seminar at 2 PM. 
4. We will be preparing the presentation tomorrow. 
5. You will be practicing yoga in the morning. 
6. He will be cooking dinner when we arrive. 
7. They will be studying for the exam on Saturday. 
8. She will be cleaning the house all day. 
9. We will be celebrating our anniversary next week. 
10. You will be flying to Japan at 10 AM. 
11. He will be taking a nap in the afternoon. 
12. They will be watching a documentary tonight. 
13. She will be organizing her files tomorrow. 
14. We will be having a meeting at 9 AM. 
15. You will be visiting your grandparents on Sunday. 
16. He will be fixing the car in the evening. 
17. They will be walking their dog in the park. 
18. She will be painting her room this weekend. 
19. We will be attending a concert tomorrow night. 
20. You will be checking your email later. 
21. He will be exercising at the gym at 7 AM. 
22. They will be planting trees in the garden. 
23. She will be doing her homework after dinner. 
24. We will be exploring the city center. 
25. You will be hosting a party on Saturday. 
26. He will be teaching a new class next semester. 
27. They will be visiting the museum on Friday. 
28. She will be practicing her speech before the event. 
29. We will be renovating our house next month. 
30. You will be riding your bike to work 

 

Exercise 5: Forming the Future Perfect Continuous 

Complete each sentence using the correct form of the verb in parentheses. 

1. By next month, I ________ (study) English for six years. 
2. She ________ (work) at the company for a decade by the end of this year. 
3. They ________ (live) in this city for five years by 2025. 
4. By 2026, we ________ (save) money for a new house for three years. 
5. He ________ (run) his own business for fifteen years by next June. 
6. By tomorrow, she ________ (exercise) every day for a month. 
7. They ________ (plan) their vacation for six months by the time they leave. 
8. By next summer, we ________ (renovate) our house for a year. 
9. She ________ (teach) at this school for ten years by the end of this term. 
10. He ________ (write) his novel for a year by this December. 
11. By the time they arrive, I ________ (wait) for three hours. 
12. By next year, she ________ (study) law for seven years. 
13. They ________ (build) the new bridge for two years by the time it opens. 
14. By the time we get there, the movie ________ (play) for half an hour. 
15. By the end of this week, I ________ (diet) for two months. 
16. She ________ (practice) the violin for four years by next spring. 
17. By the time the project is finished, they ________ (work) on it for six months. 
18. He ________ (prepare) for the marathon for a year by race day. 
19. By the time we leave, we ________ (stay) here for five days. 
20. By the end of the course, she ________ (learn) Spanish for six months. 
21. By next year, we ________ (travel) around the world for eight months. 
22. He ________ (train) for the competition for three months by the time it starts. 
23. By the end of this month, I ________ (volunteer) at the shelter for two years. 
24. By 2030, they ________ (work) on the new system for five years. 
25. She ________ (work) on her art portfolio for a year by the exhibition. 
26. By the time he retires, he ________ (work) in the company for thirty years. 
27. We ________ (prepare) for the event for weeks by the time it happens. 
28. By next year, he ________ (study) for his PhD for five years. 
29. She ________ (work) as a nurse for a decade by the end of this year. 
30. By next month, they ________ (train) for the race for six months. 

 

Exercise 6: Negative Form of Future Perfect Continuous 

Rewrite each sentence in the negative form. 

 

1. By the end of this year, she will have been working here for ten years. 
2. By next month, they will have been traveling for six months. 
3. He will have been writing his book for a year by this December. 
4. She will have been teaching at this school for fifteen years by the end of this term. 
5. They will have been building the house for a year by the time it is finished. 
6. By next year, she will have been studying French for two years. 
7. We will have been waiting for three hours by the time they arrive. 
8. He will have been practicing the piano for five years by next summer. 
9. By the end of this month, they will have been preparing for the exam for four weeks. 
10. She will have been working on the project for six months by the time it is completed. 
11. By next spring, he will have been training for the marathon for eight months. 
12. We will have been planning the wedding for a year by the time it happens. 
13. By next winter, they will have been skiing for five years. 
14. He will have been living in this house for a decade by 2025. 
15. By the time we leave, we will have been staying at the hotel for two weeks. 
16. She will have been creating her art pieces for three years by the exhibition. 
17. By next year, they will have been working on the new product for a year. 
18. By the time the conference starts, we will have been organizing it for six months. 
19. He will have been exercising daily for a month by the end of this week. 
20. By next year, she will have been learning Japanese for two years. 
21. They will have been developing the new software for two years by its release date. 
22. By the end of this year, she will have been traveling the world for six months. 
23. He will have been preparing for the exam for three months by the test date. 
24. By the time the meeting ends, we will have been discussing the issue for hours. 
25. She will have been working on her thesis for a year by the time it is finished. 
26. By the end of this month, they will have been volunteering at the shelter for a year. 
27. He will have been studying for his final exams for two months by next week. 
28. By the time we arrive, she will have been waiting for us for thirty minutes. 
29. They will have been rehearsing for the play for three weeks by opening night. 
30. She will have been saving money for a new car for a year by the end of this summer. 

 

Exercise 7: Complete each sentence using the correct form of the verb in parentheses. 

1. This time tomorrow, I ________ (fly) to Paris. 
2. By next year, they ________ (complete) the new building. 
3. At 8 PM tonight, she ________ (watch) her favorite TV show. 
4. By the end of this week, we ________ (work) on the project for a month. 
5. By 2025, he ________ (study) medicine for seven years. 
6. At this time next week, they ________ (move) to a new house. 
7. By the time you arrive, she ________ (leave) the office. 
8. They ________ (not attend) the meeting tomorrow at 10 AM. 
9. By next month, he ________ (write) his novel for two years. 
10. By tomorrow morning, we ________ (finish) all the assignments. 
11. This weekend, she ________ (visit) her grandparents. 
12. By the time the guests arrive, we ________ (prepare) dinner. 
13. He ________ (not wait) for you at the station at 7 PM. 
14. By next summer, they ________ (live) in this town for a decade. 
15. She ________ (read) the new book by the time the discussion starts. 
16. At this time tomorrow, I ________ (give) a presentation. 
17. By 6 PM, we ________ (walk) around the park for an hour. 
18. He ________ (not call) you because he will be busy. 
19. By the end of the month, she ________ (work) at the company for five years. 
20. This time next week, we ________ (drive) to the countryside. 
21. By the time we get there, they ________ (set up) the stage. 
22. They ________ (not use) the gym at 3 PM tomorrow. 
23. By next year, she ________ (train) for the competition for a year. 
24. By the end of this year, he ________ (write) articles for the magazine for a decade. 
25. By the time the movie starts, I ________ (buy) the tickets. 
26. She ________ (not attend) the party because she will be traveling. 
27. By tomorrow evening, they ________ (practice) the dance routine for weeks. 
28. This time next month, we ________ (celebrate) our anniversary. 
29. By next week, she ________ (complete) her research paper. 
30. At this time tomorrow, he ________ (work) on his presentation.